Menachos 10:5 — After the Omer: permitting the new grain, and the day of waving
A reading aid, not an exact translation.
This English is a clause-by-clause rendering to help you follow the Hebrew. It is not word-for-word literal, and it is not a transcript of the recorded shiur — the audio carries explanation and context the translation deliberately leaves out.
After the churban, R' Meir and R' Yehuda dispute whether the markets of the 16th operated בִרְצוֹן חֲכָמִים — an interesting story, but the structure is the day itself. Exits to Insights.
| Case | Ruling | Reason |
|---|---|---|
| After the omer, the market filled with new grain — with the Sages' approval? | Rabbi Meir: Not with their approval | — |
| Rabbi Yehuda: With their approval | — | |
| When is the new grain permitted? | In Yerushalayim: At once, when the omer is offered | — |
| Far from Yerushalayim: From midday onward | They know the beis din is not lax in offering the omer | |
| What did Rabban Yochanan ben Zakkai enact after the Churban? | Rabban Yochanan ben Zakkai: The entire day of waving is forbidden | — |
| Rabbi Yehuda: It is forbidden from the Torah itself | Vayikra 23:14 |
A machine transcript of the recorded shiur.
This is the shiur as spoken, transcribed automatically and left unedited — the wording is Ephraim's, and occasional transcription errors remain. It follows the audio word by word.
An amalgam of commentaries, including original insights.
These insights draw on the commentaries to this Mishnah and on the recorded shiur. Those commentaries often rest on earlier sources — the Gemara, the Yerushalmi, the Rishonim, and one another — without always saying so; where they do, we generally cite the one we read. Every commentary consulted is kept, verbatim, with this card.
Foremost of the five talmidim through whom R’ Akiva rebuilt Torah after the persecutions. The Gemara holds that an anonymous mishnah is R’ Meir’s (Sanhedrin 86a), so his voice underlies far more of the Mishnah than his name shows. He was a sofer by trade and, the Gemara says, was called Meir because he lit up (meir) the eyes of the chachamim in halacha (Eruvin 13b); he learned even from Elisha ben Avuya after his teacher went astray.
Why the full market was against the Sages' wish
R’ Meir reads the crowded market as a fault: with flour and parched grain ready before the Omer, people might reach out and eat chadash before it was offered, or reap before its time (Bartenura, Rambam). R’ Yehuda holds it was done with the Sages’ approval, and Rambam rules like him. The same lean shows in Chagigah 3:7, where R’ Yehuda lets a merchant who opened a cask of wine or began selling dough during the regel finish selling it as tahor even after the festival — extending the regel’s dispensation rather than holding the purity line at its end, a steady tilt toward an open marketplace over strict caution about contact with amei ha’aretz.
When those far off could eat
Once the Omer was offered the new grain was permitted at once; those far from Yerushalayim only from midday on. Rambam and Tosafos Yom Tov add the precision: they reckon by Yerushalayim’s midday, not their own, since the Omer might be brought earlier or later than the hour in their own place.
The takanah, and what it settled
With no Omer to bring, Rabban Yochanan ben Zakkai ruled the whole day of the waving forbidden, permitting the new grain only that night. Two concerns meet in the ruling. One looks ahead: once the Beis HaMikdash is rebuilt, people should not say ‘last year we ate at daybreak, so this year too,’ forgetting that it is the Omer that permits the grain. The other looks to the moment: with no korban to release it, people might treat chodosh as barred for good, and fixing a clear time it becomes permitted assured them it may still be eaten — much as R’ Yehoshua answered those who would give up meat and wine because the altar had ceased (Bava Basra 60b).
Where this sits
This is a restriction that keeps hope and guards against error. Rabban Yochanan ben Zakkai could have let the new grain be eaten at daybreak, as the law allowed once there was no Omer; instead he held the whole day, so the nation would not grow used to a world without the Omer and stumble when the Mikdash returns. The takanah carries the expectation of rebuilding inside it.