Mishnah 16 · Menachos 5:3 · From the Omer to Shavuos

A Zeman Nakat Project

From the Omer to Shavuos · Mishnah 16 of 43 · Interactive Edition

Movement II·C · The Omer's Attributes and Sacrificial Profile

16 · מְנָחוֹת ה:ג · Menachos 5:3

      יֵשׁ טְעוּנוֹת שֶׁמֶן וּלְבוֹנָה, שֶׁמֶן וְלֹא לְבוֹנָה, לְבוֹנָה וְלֹא שֶׁמֶן, לֹא שֶׁמֶן וְלֹא לְבוֹנָה.
      וְאֵלּוּ טְעוּנוֹת שֶׁמֶן וּלְבוֹנָה:
        מִנְחַת הַסֹּלֶת, וְהַמַּחֲבַת, וְהַמַּרְחֶשֶׁת, וְהַחַלּוֹת, וְהָרְקִיקִין,
        מִנְחַת כֹּהֲנִים, וּמִנְחַת כֹּהֵן מָשִׁיחַ, וּמִנְחַת גּוֹיִם, וּמִנְחַת נָשִׁים,
        וּמִנְחַת הָעֹמֶר.
      מִנְחַת נְסָכִין — טְעוּנָה שֶׁמֶן, וְאֵין טְעוּנָה לְבוֹנָה.
      לֶחֶם הַפָּנִים — טָעוּן לְבוֹנָה, וְאֵין טָעוּן שָׁמֶן.
      שְׁתֵּי הַלֶּחֶם, מִנְחַת חוֹטֵא וּמִנְחַת קְנָאוֹת — לֹא שֶׁמֶן וְלֹא לְבוֹנָה.
    

There are [four types]: those requiring both oil and frankincense; oil but not frankincense; frankincense but not oil; neither. Those requiring both: fine flour, pan, deep pan, loaves, wafers, Kohen's minhah, anointed Kohein's minhah, gentile's minhah, women's minhah, and the Omer meal offering. Libation minhaos: oil, no frankincense. Lechem HaPanim: frankincense, no oil. The two loaves, the sinner's minhah, and the jealousy minhah: neither oil nor frankincense.

Fuchsia — Rule

Black — Case

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Four bowls in the Beis HaMikdash showing the four-quadrant minhah taxonomy: oil and levonah, only oil, only levonah, neither

The four-quadrant taxonomy — oil and frankincense requirements

Both oil and frankincense

מִנְחַת סֹלֶת · מַחֲבַת · מַרְחֶשֶׁת
חַלּוֹת · רְקִיקִין
מִנְחַת כֹּהֲנִים · כֹּהֵן מָשִׁיחַ
מִנְחַת גּוֹיִם · נָשִׁים
מִנְחַת הָעֹמֶר

Oil only — no frankincense

מִנְחַת נְסָכִין

Frankincense only — no oil

לֶחֶם הַפָּנִים

Neither oil nor frankincense

שְׁתֵּי הַלֶּחֶם
מִנְחַת חוֹטֵא
מִנְחַת קְנָאוֹת

The Omer and Shtei HaLechem — opposite ends of the taxonomy

The Omer — both oil and frankincense

מִנְחַת הָעֹמֶר — שֶׁמֶן וּלְבוֹנָה

The Omer is a standard minhah in its additive ingredients — oil poured in, frankincense placed alongside. Vayikra 2:14–15 explicitly mentions both. It joins the mainstream of minhah offerings.

The Shtei HaLechem — neither oil nor frankincense

שְׁתֵּי הַלֶּחֶם — לֹא שֶׁמֶן וְלֹא לְבוֹנָה

The Shtei HaLechem requires neither. The Torah never mentions oil or frankincense with it. This aligns it with the sinner's minhah and jealousy minhah — minhaos that deliberately omit these festive ingredients. For the Shtei HaLechem, this reflects its chametz nature: chametz and oil/frankincense do not coexist.

Position in the Omer to Shavuos arc — 43 mishnayos

Preceding · Mishnah 15

Challah 1:3

The surplus of the Omer — challah yes, tithes no

Current · Mishnah 16

Menachos 5:3 — Oil and Frankincense

Movement II·C

The first of four taxonomy mishnayos that place the Omer (and the Shtei HaLechem) within the full landscape of minhah law. This mishnah establishes an important contrast: the Omer has both oil and frankincense (standard minhah); the Shtei HaLechem has neither. They are at opposite ends of the same taxonomy.

Following · Mishnah 17

Menachos 5:6

Waving and bringing near — where do the Omer and Shtei HaLechem fall?