A Zeman Nakat Project
From the Omer to Shavuos · Mishnah 43 of 43 · ⬦ The Final Mishnah ⬦
Movement IV · The Kisvei Atzeres and Technical Laws · Series closes
43 · מְנָחוֹת ב:ה · Menachos 2:5
פִּגֵּל בַּקֹּמֶץ וְלֹא בַלְּבוֹנָה, בַּלְּבוֹנָה וְלֹא בַקֹּמֶץ, רַבִּי מֵאִיר אוֹמֵר, פִּגּוּל וְחַיָּבִין עָלָיו כָּרֵת. וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים, אֵין בּוֹ כָרֵת, עַד שֶׁיְּפַגֵּל אֶת כָּל הַמַּתִּיר. מוֹדִים חֲכָמִים לְרַבִּי מֵאִיר בְּמִנְחַת חוֹטֵא וּבְמִנְחַת קְנָאוֹת, שֶׁאִם פִּגֵּל בַּקֹּמֶץ — פִּגּוּל וְחַיָּבִין עָלָיו כָּרֵת, שֶׁהַקֹּמֶץ הוּא הַמַּתִּיר. שָׁחַט אַחַד מִן הַכְּבָשִׂים לֶאֱכֹל שְׁתֵּי חַלּוֹת לְמָחָר, הִקְטִיר אַחַד מִן הַבְּזִיכִים לֶאֱכֹל שְׁנֵי סְדָרִים לְמָחָר, רַבִּי מֵאִיר אוֹמֵר, פִּגּוּל וְחַיָּבִין עָלָיו כָּרֵת. וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים, אֵין פִּגּוּל, עַד שֶׁיְּפַגֵּל אֶת כָּל הַמַּתִּיר. שָׁחַט אַחַד מִן הַכְּבָשִׂים לֶאֱכֹל מִמֶּנּוּ לְמָחָר — הוּא פִגּוּל, וַחֲבֵרוֹ כָשֵׁר. לֶאֱכֹל מֵחֲבֵרוֹ לְמָחָר — שְׁנֵיהֶם כְּשֵׁרִים.
If he had pigul-intent during the kometz but not the frankincense [or vice versa]: R' Meir — pigul and karet. Chachamim — no karet unless he rendered pigul during the entire permitting factor. Chachamim agree with R' Meir in the sinner's minhah and jealousy minhah — kometz intent alone creates pigul+karet, for the kometz is the sole permitting factor. [For Shavuos:] He slaughtered ONE of the lambs with intent to eat both loaves the next day; burned ONE frankincense bowl to eat both arrangements: R' Meir — pigul+karet. Chachamim — no pigul unless the entire permitting factor [both lambs' blood] is rendered pigul. He slaughtered one lamb with intent to eat from it the next day: that lamb is pigul, the other is fit. [Intent] to eat from the other: both are fit.
Fuchsia — Pigul + karet
Green — Kasher / no pigul
Gold — Tana / key principle
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Menachos 2:5 — the final Mishnah. R' Meir says even one partial matir is enough to create piggul; Chachamim hold the entire matir must be rendered piggul. The two children stand before a chart showing one lamb / one frankincense bowl versus two lambs / two frankincense bowls — the principle of the matir, the closing concept of the series.
R' Meir vs. Chachamim — partial permitting factor
R' Meir — partial matir creates pigul
פִּגֵּל בְּחֵלֶק הַמַּתִּיר — פִּגּוּל
Any improper intent during any part of the permitting factor creates pigul with karet. Even if only one of two acts is done with improper intent — the offering is already contaminated. A partial pigul intent is still a pigul.
Chachamim — entire matir must be rendered pigul · Halacha
עַד שֶׁיְּפַגֵּל אֶת כָּל הַמַּתִּיר
Pigul with karet requires the improper intent to cover the entire permitting factor. A partial permitting factor cannot create full pigul liability. For the Shtei HaLechem: both lambs' blood must be sprinkled with improper intent for the loaves to be pigul.
The four Shavuos cases — how pigul does and doesn't spread
Four cases — when one act affects one or two objects
Case A — One lamb slaughtered with intent on both loaves
שָׁחַט אַחַד מִן הַכְּבָשִׂים לֶאֱכֹל שְׁתֵּי חַלּוֹת לְמָחָר
R' Meir: Pigul + karet. Chachamim: No pigul — only half the permitting factor (one lamb) was rendered pigul. The other lamb's blood was never part of the improper intent.
Case B — One lamb slaughtered with intent on itself tomorrow
שָׁחַט אַחַד לֶאֱכֹל מִמֶּנּוּ לְמָחָר
All agree: That lamb is pigul; the other lamb is kasher. A permitting factor can render itself pigul — but cannot render the other permitting factor (the second lamb) pigul through its own intent.
Case C — One lamb slaughtered with intent on the other lamb tomorrow
שָׁחַט אַחַד לֶאֱכֹל מֵחֲבֵרוֹ לְמָחָר
All agree: Both lambs are kasher. One permitting factor cannot create pigul in another permitting factor. Pigul intent during the blood-sprinkling of Lamb 1 can affect the bread (which Lamb 1's blood permits) — it cannot affect Lamb 2 (which is a separate permitting act).
The final principle — and what it means for the whole series
The series closes on a precise halachic edge: one lamb cannot create pigul in the other; both lambs are needed to create pigul in the bread. This mirrors R' Shimon's ruling from mishnah 39: the lambs permit themselves independently; the bread needs both lambs together for its permission. The closing principle of the series is the same as its central principle — the matir. You need the full permitting factor. The bread needs both lambs. The world needed the Omer. The Temple needed the Shtei HaLechem. Both need to be whole.
Position in the Omer to Shavuos arc — 43 mishnayos · Final mishnah
Preceding · Mishnah 42
Menachos 2:2
Pigul spreads through the permitting act (both loaves); tumah is local
Current · Mishnah 43 · ⬦ Final ⬦
Menachos 2:5 — The Full Permitting Factor
Movement IV closes · Series complete
The series began with Chadash — the prohibition that the Omer unlocks. It ends with pigul — the disqualification that the lambs' blood prevents, when the blood is sprinkled with pure intent, wholly and completely. From the prohibition of new grain to the technical rules of improper intent; from Orlah 3:9 to Menachos 2:5; from the Omer's night-harvest to the bread and lambs of Shavuos. The series is complete.
The series ends here
43 of 43 mishnayos
Four movements · The road from the Omer to Shavuos · Complete
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