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עֶרֶב פֶּסַח · Erev Pesach Series · 2 of 14
מָקוֹם שֶׁנָּהֲגוּ — מְלָאכָה בְּעַרְבֵי פְסָחִים
Where Custom Governs — Work on the Eve of Passover
פסחים ד׳:א׳
Pesachim 4:1 — Full Text
מָקוֹם שֶׁנָּהֲגוּ לַעֲשׂוֹת מְלָאכָה בְּעַרְבֵי פְסָחִים עַד חֲצוֹת, עוֹשִׂין. מָקוֹם שֶׁנָּהֲגוּ שֶׁלֹּא לַעֲשׂוֹת, אֵין עוֹשִׂין. הַהוֹלֵךְ מִמָּקוֹם שֶׁעוֹשִׂין לְמָקוֹם שֶׁאֵין עוֹשִׂין, אוֹ מִמָּקוֹם שֶׁאֵין עוֹשִׂין לְמָקוֹם שֶׁעוֹשִׂין — נוֹתְנִין עָלָיו חֻמְרֵי מָקוֹם שֶׁיָּצָא מִשָּׁם וְחֻמְרֵי מָקוֹם שֶׁהָלַךְ לְשָׁם. וְאַל יְשַׁנֶּה אָדָם, מִפְּנֵי הַמַּחֲלֹקֶת.
הַכְּלָל: Work on Erev Pesach Follows Local Custom
The prohibition of work on Erev Pesach is not Torah law — it is a matter of local custom, and the mishnah rules that each place follows its own practice
Places That Permit Work
מָקוֹם שֶׁנָּהֲגוּ לַעֲשׂוֹת — עוֹשִׂין
Where the custom is to work on Erev Pesach until midday — one may work. The half-day limit (until chatzot) is the standard boundary even where work is permitted.
Places That Prohibit Work
מָקוֹם שֶׁנָּהֲגוּ שֶׁלֹּא לַעֲשׂוֹת — אֵין עוֹשִׂין
Where the custom is not to work on Erev Pesach — one may not work at all. The stringent local practice is binding on all residents of that place.
הַנּוֹסֵעַ: The Traveller — Stringencies of Both Places
When someone travels between places with different customs, the mishnah imposes the strictest possible outcome — he carries both sets of stringencies
The Traveller Between Places of Differing Custom
מָקוֹם שֶׁעוֹשִׂין
Place where work is permitted
מָקוֹם שֶׁאֵין עוֹשִׂין
Place where work is prohibited
נוֹתְנִין עָלָיו חֻמְרֵי מָקוֹם שֶׁיָּצָא מִשָּׁם וְחֻמְרֵי מָקוֹם שֶׁהָלַךְ לְשָׁם
We impose on him the stringencies of the place he left and the stringencies of the place he went to. In either direction of travel, the result is the same: no work. He cannot claim the leniency of either place — he is bound by both sets of restrictions simultaneously.
וְאַל יְשַׁנֶּה אָדָם — מִפְּנֵי הַמַּחֲלֹקֶת
A person should not deviate from local custom — because of the potential for dispute. The concern is social, not purely legal: a traveller who works when locals do not, or rests when locals work, creates the appearance of conflict and disrespect. Uniformity of practice preserves communal harmony.
הַמַּסְקָנָה — מִפְּנֵי הַמַּחֲלֹקֶת
Pesachim 4:1 is unusual: it is a mishnah that openly derives its ruling not from Torah law or rabbinic decree but from minhag — local custom. The Sages did not impose a single uniform standard for work on Erev Pesach. Instead they validated the diversity of practice that already existed across communities, and then protected that diversity by preventing individuals from importing their home customs into a new place. The closing phrase — מִפְּנֵי הַמַּחֲלֹקֶת — reveals the underlying value: communal peace matters enough to restrict individual practice, even where no Torah prohibition is at stake.
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