Rosh Hashana 3:1 — When Beis Din Itself Sees the Moon

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When Beis Din Itself Sees the Moon

רָאוּהוּ בֵית דִּין
Mishnah ראש השנה ג׳:א׳ · Rosh Hashana 3:1
רָאוּהוּ בֵית דִּין וְכָל יִשְׂרָאֵל,
נֶחְקְרוּ הָעֵדִים,
וְלֹא הִסְפִּיקוּ לוֹמַר מְקֻדָּשׁ,
עַד שֶׁחֲשֵׁכָה,
הֲרֵי זֶה מְעֻבָּר.
רָאוּהוּ בֵית דִּין בִּלְבַד,
יַעַמְדוּ שְׁנַיִם וְיָעִידוּ בִפְנֵיהֶם,
וְיֹאמְרוּ מְקֻדָּשׁ מְקֻדָּשׁ.
רָאוּהוּ שְׁלשָׁה וְהֵן בֵּית דִּין,
יַעַמְדוּ הַשְּׁנַיִם
וְיוֹשִׁיבוּ מֵחַבְרֵיהֶם אֵצֶל הַיָּחִיד
וְיָעִידוּ בִפְנֵיהֶם,
וְיֹאמְרוּ מְקֻדָּשׁ מְקֻדָּשׁ,
שֶׁאֵין הַיָּחִיד נֶאֱמָן עַל יְדֵי עַצְמוֹ:
The beis din and all of Yisrael saw it,
or the witnesses were examined,
and there was no time left for the beis din to say mekudash — sanctified —
before it got dark:
then this month is me'ubar — made a full one.
The beis din alone saw it:
two of the judges stand and testify before the rest of the beis din,
and the beis din says: Mekudash, mekudash.
Three men saw it, and those three are the beis din:
two of the three stand,
and seat two of their colleagues beside the lone judge,
and testify before those three,
and they say: Mekudash, mekudash —
because the lone judge is not believed on his own.

what does this mean?

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This is the shiur as spoken, transcribed automatically and left unedited — the wording is Ephraim's, and occasional transcription errors remain. It follows the audio word by word.

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