Rosh Hashana 4:4 — Accepting the Eidim of Rosh Chodesh

MishnayosMoed › Rosh Hashana › Perek 4 › Mishnah 4מוֹעֵד ‹ ראש השנה ‹ פרק ד׳ ‹ משנה ד׳

Accepting the Eidim of Rosh Chodesh

קַבָּלַת עֵדוּת הַחֹדֶשׁ
This Mishnah is:a case · a takanawhat does that mean?▶ watch this part
Mishnah ראש השנה ד׳:ד׳ · Rosh Hashana 4:4
בָּרִאשׁוֹנָה הָיוּ מְקַבְּלִין עֵדוּת הַחֹדֶשׁ כָּל הַיּוֹם.
פַּעַם אַחַת נִשְׁתַּהוּ הָעֵדִים מִלָּבֹא, וְנִתְקַלְקְלוּ הַלְוִיִּם בַּשִּׁיר.
הִתְקִינוּ שֶׁלֹּא יְהוּ מְקַבְּלִין אֶלָּא עַד הַמִּנְחָה.
וְאִם בָּאוּ עֵדִים מִן הַמִּנְחָה וּלְמַעְלָה, נוֹהֲגִין אוֹתוֹ הַיּוֹם קֹדֶשׁ וּלְמָחָר קֹדֶשׁ.
מִשֶּׁחָרַב בֵּית הַמִּקְדָּשׁ הִתְקִין רַבָּן יוֹחָנָן בֶּן זַכַּאי,
שֶׁיְּהוּ מְקַבְּלִין עֵדוּת הַחֹדֶשׁ כָּל הַיּוֹם.
אָמַר רַבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ בֶּן קָרְחָה,
וְעוֹד זֹאת הִתְקִין רַבָּן יוֹחָנָן בֶּן זַכַּאי,
שֶׁאֲפִלּוּ רֹאשׁ בֵּית דִּין בְּכָל מָקוֹם, שֶׁלֹּא יְהוּ הָעֵדִים הוֹלְכִין אֶלָּא לִמְקוֹם הַוָּעַד.
Originally they would accept the new-moon testimony all day.
Once, the witnesses were delayed in coming, and the Leviim were confounded in the shir.
They enacted that testimony be accepted only until Minchah.
And if witnesses came from Minchah onward, they would treat that day as holy and the next day as holy.
After the Beis HaMikdash was destroyed, Rabban Yochanan ben Zakkai enacted
that the new-moon testimony be accepted all day.
Said Rabbi Yehoshua ben Karcha:
Rabban Yochanan ben Zakkai also enacted
that even if the head of the beis din is elsewhere, the witnesses go only to the place of assembly.

what does this mean?

A reading aid, not an exact translation.

This English is a clause-by-clause rendering to help you follow the Hebrew. It is not word-for-word literal, and it is not a transcript of the recorded shiur — the audio carries explanation and context the translation deliberately leaves out.

case/objectrestrictive rulingpermissive rulingTannareasonconditionwhat does this mean?
Go deeperOpen what helps. Nothing here is needed to learn the Mishnah.
Structure
Transcript
A machine transcript of the recorded shiur.

This is the shiur as spoken, transcribed automatically and left unedited — the wording is Ephraim's, and occasional transcription errors remain. It follows the audio word by word.

All Meforshim
The Lived MishnahHome ?
‹ ›
הֲדַרָן עֲלָךְ מַסֶּכֶת רֹאשׁ הַשָּׁנָה
A siyum · Masechta Rosh Hashana

You have learned every Mishnah of Rosh Hashana — all 43 steps, from the four new years through the tefillos of the day. Hadran alach: we will return to you.