Bechoros 4:1 — Caring for the bechor before giving it to the Kohein
A reading aid, not an exact translation.
This English is a clause-by-clause rendering to help you follow the Hebrew. It is not word-for-word literal, and it is not a transcript of the recorded shiur — the audio carries explanation and context the translation deliberately leaves out.
| Case | Ruling | Reason |
|---|---|---|
| How long must a Yisrael care for the bechor before giving it over? | Tanna Kamma: Small animal — 30 days; large animal — 50 days | — |
| Rabbi Yossi: A small animal — three months | — | |
| May the Kohein demand it earlier? | No — he may not give it within that time | — |
| What if it is blemished and the Kohein asks for it to eat? | Permitted | — |
| In Mikdash times, if unblemished, to offer it? | Permitted | — |
| Until when may the bechor be eaten? | Within its first year — whether unblemished or blemished | Devarim 15:20 |
A machine transcript of the recorded shiur.
This is the shiur as spoken, transcribed automatically and left unedited — the wording is Ephraim's, and occasional transcription errors remain. It follows the audio word by word.
An amalgam of commentaries, including original insights.
These insights draw on the commentaries to this Mishnah and on the recorded shiur. Those commentaries often rest on earlier sources — the Gemara, the Yerushalmi, the Rishonim, and one another — without always saying so; where they do, we generally cite the one we read. Every commentary consulted is kept, verbatim, with this card.
The stam ‘Rabbi Yosi’ of the Mishnah is R’ Yosi ben Chalafta of Tzippori — the fifth most cited sage in the Mishnah, and, like R’ Yehuda beside him, one of R’ Akiva’s five students who restored Torah after the persecutions. Tradition names him the tanna of Seder Olam, the earliest reckoning of Jewish chronology. He learned much from his own father, R’ Chalafta, whose rulings he transmitted (Yevamos 62b).
A gift given with dignity
Rambam explains why the owner does not hand over the bechor at birth: a gift to the Kohein must be given with honor, the way one presents a gift to a king — never as something that burdens him with labor. So the owner first raises it. And if the Kohein offers to take it early to spare him the trouble, the owner may not agree — that would turn the gift into a paid exchange, which a kohein may not accept for his gifts.
A measure the Sages were left to fix
Thirty days for a small animal, fifty for a large one; R’ Yosi gives a small animal three months. The Gemara (Bechoros 26b, Rabbah) notes that the Torah never states the number — it wrote ‘so shall you do’ and left the actual measure to the Chachomim to set. The obligation is the Torah’s; the amount is theirs. It is one of the recurring patterns of the Mishnah: the Torah commands, and the Sages define the measure.
Where this sits
The series turns to a mitzvah that outlived the Mikdash but did not come through unchanged. The bechor is still given to the Kohein — but where an unblemished firstborn once rose as a korban, the destruction closed that door, and now it can serve only once a blemish makes it food. The law endures; the Churban simply narrowed what can be done with it, and left the fuller version waiting for the Bais to return.