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Movement I·A · Chadash — The Prohibition Established

The Proclamation

1 · עָרְלָה ג:ט · Orlah 3:9
סְפֵק עָרְלָה — בְּאֶרֶץ יִשְׂרָאֵל אָסוּר, וּבְסוּרְיָא מֻתָּר, וּבְחוּצָה לָאָרֶץ יוֹרֵד וְלוֹקֵחַ, וּבִלְבַד שֶׁלֹּא יִרְאֶנּוּ לוֹקֵט. כֶּרֶם נָטוּעַ יָרָק, וְיָרָק נִמְכָּר חוּצָה לוֹ — בְּאֶרֶץ יִשְׂרָאֵל אָסוּר, וּבְסוּרְיָא מֻתָּר, וּבְחוּצָה לָאָרֶץ יוֹרֵד וְלוֹקֵט, וּבִלְבַד שֶׁלֹּא יִלְקֹט בַּיָּד. הֶחָדָשׁ — אָסוּר מִן הַתּוֹרָה בְּכָל מָקוֹם. וְהָעָרְלָה — הֲלָכָה. וְהַכִּלְאַיִם — מִדִּבְרֵי סוֹפְרִים.
Doubtful orlah: in Eretz Yisrael — forbidden; in Suria — permitted; outside Eretz Yisrael — one may go down and purchase, as long as he has not seen him gathering it. A vineyard planted with vegetables, and the vegetables are sold outside it: in Eretz Yisrael — forbidden; in Suria — permitted; outside Eretz Yisrael — one may go down and gather them, as long as he does not gather them with his own hand. New grain [Chadash]: forbidden by Torah law everywhere. Orlah: by halachah [from Moshe at Sinai]. Kilayim: by rabbinic enactment.
Purple — Condition
Green — Positive ruling
Red — Negative ruling
Fuchsia — Rule
Black — Case / Object
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Geographic context — orlah and kilayim vary by zone
Eretz Yisrael
אָסוּר
Doubt = forbidden
Suria
מֻתָּר
Doubt = permitted
Outside EY
יוֹרֵד וְלוֹקֵחַ
May purchase or gather, with conditions
The closing cascade — three prohibitions by descending legal authority
Biblical
הֶחָדָשׁ
אָסוּר מִן הַתּוֹרָה בְּכָל מָקוֹם
Vayikra 23:14 — "in all your settlements"
Oral tradition
הָעָרְלָה
הֲלָכָה — halacha l'Moshe miSinai
Doubt outside EY = permitted
Rabbinic
הַכִּלְאַיִם
מִדִּבְרֵי סוֹפְרִים
Vineyard kilayim only — not garments or animals
Position in the Omer to Shavuos arc — 43 mishnayos
Preceding
— Series opens here —
First mishnah of 46
Current · Mishnah 1
Orlah 3:9 — The Proclamation
Movement I·A
Placed first to establish the stakes: Chadash is serious, global, and biblical. Knowing this makes the Omer's releasing function all the more dramatic. The entire series asks: what frees this? The phrase had a striking afterlife: the Chatam Sofer cited it in 19th-century Hungary to rule against religious reform — "chadash assur min haTorah b'chol makom" became a rallying phrase against religious innovation. A Mishnaic ruling about barley became a slogan in a modern religious controversy.
Following · Mishnah 2
Kiddushin 1:9
The legal framework behind this mishnah's proclamation
The Lived MishnahHome
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