Rosh Hashana 2:8 — Rabban Gamliel's Moon Diagrams

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Rabban Gamliel's Moon Diagrams

דְּמוּת צוּרוֹת לְבָנוֹת
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Mishnah ראש השנה ב׳:ח׳ · Rosh Hashana 2:8
דְּמוּת צוּרוֹת לְבָנוֹת הָיוּ לוֹ לְרַבָּן גַּמְלִיאֵל בַּטַּבְלָא וּבַכֹּתֶל בַּעֲלִיָּתוֹ,
שֶׁבָּהֶן מַרְאֶה אֶת הַהֶדְיוֹטוֹת וְאוֹמֵר, הֲכָזֶה רָאִיתָ אוֹ כָזֶה.
מַעֲשֶׂה שֶׁבָּאוּ שְׁנַיִם וְאָמְרוּ, רְאִינוּהוּ שַׁחֲרִית בַּמִּזְרָח וְעַרְבִית בַּמַּעֲרָב.
אָמַר רַבִּי יוֹחָנָן בֶּן נוּרִי, עֵדֵי שֶׁקֶר הֵם.
כְּשֶׁבָּאוּ לְיַבְנֶה קִבְּלָן רַבָּן גַּמְלִיאֵל.
וְעוֹד בָּאוּ שְׁנַיִם וְאָמְרוּ, רְאִינוּהוּ בִזְמַנּוֹ, וּבְלֵיל עִבּוּרוֹ לֹא נִרְאָה,
וְקִבְּלָן רַבָּן גַּמְלִיאֵל.
אָמַר רַבִּי דוֹסָא בֶּן הַרְכִּינָס, עֵדֵי שֶׁקֶר הֵן,
הֵיאָךְ מְעִידִין עַל הָאִשָּׁה שֶׁיָּלְדָה, וּלְמָחָר כְּרֵסָהּ בֵּין שִׁנֶּיהָ.
אָמַר לוֹ רַבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ,
רוֹאֶה אֲנִי אֶת דְּבָרֶיךָ:
Diagrams of the shapes of the moon were kept by Rabban Gamliel on a tablet and on the wall of his upper chamber,
with which he would show the laymen and say: Was it like this that you saw, or like this?
There was a case where two came and said: We saw it in the morning in the east and in the evening in the west.
Said R' Yochanan ben Nuri: They are false witnesses.
When they came to Yavne, they were accepted by Rabban Gamliel.
And again two came and said: We saw it at its proper time, but on the night of the added day it was not seen —
and they were accepted by Rabban Gamliel.
Said R' Dosa ben Harkinas: They are false witnesses.
How can they testify about a woman that she has given birth, when the next day her belly is between her teeth?
Said to him R' Yehoshua:
I see your words.

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