Masechta Sheviis: the seventh year
no planting, no harvesting — the land rests
Tosefes Shevi'is: Shemittah reaches back into year six
Like Tosefes Shabboswe bring Shabbos in early
Where does it come from?
Tanna Kammaa pasuk
Rabbi YishmaelHalacha l'Moshe miSinai
How far back?
Four works the Torah forbids
Zeriahplanting
Ketzirahharvesting
Zemirahpruning
Betzirahgathering grapes
Plowing works ahead of time
it readies the ground for what grows later
Plowing in Shemittah itself: how assur?
Issur d'oraisa
Issur d'rabbanan
An asei: let the land rest
An orchard — sedeh ha'ilan
Until when may you plow an orchard in year six?
Beis ShammaiAs long as it still benefits this year's fruit→ check each year: is it still for this fruit?
Beis HillelUntil Atzeres (Shavuos)→ one fixed day: Shavuos
Their words are close
Beis Hillel: a bright lineBeis Shammai: a few days either way
Sheviis 1:1
Plowing an Orchard before Shemittah
חֲרִישַׁת שְׂדֵה הָאִילָן בְּעֶרֶב שְׁבִיעִית
עַד אֵימָתַי חוֹרְשִׁין בִּשְׂדֵה הָאִילָן עֶרֶב שְׁבִיעִית.
בֵּית שַׁמַּאי אוֹמְרִים, כָּל זְמַן שֶׁהוּא יָפֶה לַפֶּרִי.
וּבֵית הִלֵּל אוֹמְרִים, עַד הָעֲצֶרֶת.
וּקְרוֹבִין דִּבְרֵי אֵלּוּ לִהְיוֹת כְּדִבְרֵי אֵלּוּ: