Sheviis 1:4 — Trees That Do Not Bear Enough

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Trees That Do Not Bear Enough

אִילָנוֹת שֶׁאֵינָן עוֹשִׂין
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Mishnah שביעית א׳:ד׳ · Sheviis 1:4
הָיָה אֶחָד עוֹשֶׂה כִּכַּר דְּבֵלָה וּשְׁנַיִם אֵין עוֹשִׂין,
אוֹ שְׁנַיִם עוֹשִׂין וְאֶחָד אֵינוֹ עוֹשֶׂה,
אֵין חוֹרְשִׁין לָהֶם אֶלָּא לְצָרְכָּן, עַד שֶׁיִּהְיוּ מִשְּׁלֹשָׁה וְעַד תִּשְׁעָה.
הָיוּ עֲשָׂרָה, מֵעֲשָׂרָה וּלְמַעְלָה,
בֵּין עוֹשִׂין בֵּין שֶׁאֵינָן עוֹשִׂין, חוֹרְשִׁין כָּל בֵּית סְאָה בִּשְׁבִילָן.
שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (שמות לד) בֶּחָרִישׁ וּבַקָּצִיר תִּשְׁבֹּת,
אֵין צָרִיךְ לוֹמַר חָרִישׁ וְקָצִיר שֶׁל שְׁבִיעִית,
אֶלָּא חָרִישׁ שֶׁל עֶרֶב שְׁבִיעִית שֶׁהוּא נִכְנָס בַּשְּׁבִיעִית,
וְקָצִיר שֶׁל שְׁבִיעִית שֶׁהוּא יוֹצֵא לְמוֹצָאֵי שְׁבִיעִית.
רַבִּי יִשְׁמָעֵאל אוֹמֵר, מָה חָרִישׁ רְשׁוּת, אַף קָצִיר רְשׁוּת, יָצָא קְצִיר הָעֹמֶר:
If one [tree] was producing a kikar develah and two were not producing,
or two were producing and one was not producing,
one may plow for them only according to their need, as long as they number from three to nine.
If there were ten, or from ten and above -
whether producing or not producing, one may plow the whole beis se'ah for their sake.
As it is stated (Shemos 34): "In plowing and in harvest you shall rest" -
there is no need to state the plowing and harvest of Sheviis itself;
rather, [it means] the plowing of erev Sheviis that carries into Sheviis,
and the harvest of Sheviis that carries out past the close of Sheviis.
Rabbi Yishmael says: just as this plowing is a reshus, so too this harvest is a reshus - this excludes the harvesting of the Omer:

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