Sheviis 3:10 — A Fence along the Public Domain

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A Fence along the Public Domain

גָּדֵר בֵּינוֹ וּבֵין רְשׁוּת הָרַבִּים
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Mishnah שביעית ג׳:י׳ · Sheviis 3:10
הַבּוֹנֶה גָדֵר בֵּינוֹ וּבֵין רְשׁוּת הָרַבִּים, מֻתָּר לְהַעֲמִיק עַד הַסֶּלַע.
מַה יַּעֲשֶׂה בֶּעָפָר,
צוֹבְרוֹ בִּרְשׁוּת הָרַבִּים וּמְתַקְּנוֹ, דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ.
רַבִּי עֲקִיבָא אוֹמֵר, כְּדֶרֶךְ שֶׁאֵין מְקַלְקְלִין בִּרְשׁוּת הָרַבִּים, כָּךְ לֹא יְתַקֵּנוּ.
מַה יַּעֲשֶׂה בֶּעָפָר,
צוֹבְרוֹ בְּתוֹךְ שָׂדֵהוּ כְּדֶרֶךְ הַמְזַבְּלִין.
וְכֵן הַחוֹפֵר בּוֹר וְשִׁיחַ וּמְעָרָה:
One who builds a wall between himself and the public domain is permitted to dig down to the rock.
What shall he do with the earth?
He piles it in the public domain and improves it [the ground], the words of Rabbi Yehoshua.
Rabbi Akiva says: just as one may not damage the public domain, so too he may not improve it.
What shall he do with the earth?
He piles it in his own field in the manner of those who manure.
And likewise one who digs a pit, a ditch, or a cave:

what does this mean?

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