Taanis 4:8 — The Fifteenth of Av and Yom Kippur

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The Fifteenth of Av and Yom Kippur

חֲמִשָּׁה עָשָׂר בְּאָב וְיוֹם הַכִּפּוּרִים
Mishnah תענית ד׳:ח׳ · Taanis 4:8
אָמַר רַבָּן שִׁמְעוֹן בֶּן גַּמְלִיאֵל, לֹא הָיוּ יָמִים טוֹבִים לְיִשְׂרָאֵל כַּחֲמִשָּׁה עָשָׂר בְּאָב וּכְיוֹם הַכִּפּוּרִים,
שֶׁבָּהֶן בְּנוֹת יְרוּשָׁלַיִם יוֹצְאוֹת בִּכְלֵי לָבָן שְׁאוּלִין, שֶׁלֹּא לְבַיֵּשׁ אֶת מִי שֶׁאֵין לוֹ.
כָּל הַכֵּלִים טְעוּנִין טְבִילָה.
וּבְנוֹת יְרוּשָׁלַיִם יוֹצְאוֹת וְחוֹלוֹת בַּכְּרָמִים.
וּמֶה הָיוּ אוֹמְרוֹת,
בָּחוּר, שָׂא נָא עֵינֶיךָ וּרְאֵה, מָה אַתָּה בוֹרֵר לָךְ.
אַל תִּתֵּן עֵינֶיךָ בַנּוֹי, תֵּן עֵינֶיךָ בַמִּשְׁפָּחָה.
שֶׁקֶר הַחֵן וְהֶבֶל הַיֹּפִי, אִשָּׁה יִרְאַת ה׳ הִיא תִתְהַלָּל (משלי לא).
וְאוֹמֵר, תְּנוּ לָהּ מִפְּרִי יָדֶיהָ, וִיהַלְלוּהָ בַשְּׁעָרִים מַעֲשֶׂיהָ.
וְכֵן הוּא אוֹמֵר, צְאֶינָה וּרְאֶינָה בְּנוֹת צִיּוֹן בַּמֶּלֶךְ שְׁלֹמֹה בָּעֲטָרָה שֶׁעִטְּרָה לּוֹ אִמּוֹ בְּיוֹם חֲתֻנָּתוֹ וּבְיוֹם שִׂמְחַת לִבּוֹ (שיר השירים ג).
בְּיוֹם חֲתֻנָּתוֹ, זֶה מַתַּן תּוֹרָה. וּבְיוֹם שִׂמְחַת לִבּוֹ, זֶה בִּנְיַן בֵּית הַמִּקְדָּשׁ, שֶׁיִּבָּנֶה בִמְהֵרָה בְיָמֵינוּ. אָמֵן.
Said Rabban Shimon ben Gamliel: there were no festive days for Israel like the fifteenth of Av and like Yom Kippur,
on which the daughters of Yerushalayim would go out in borrowed white garments, so as not to shame one who had none of her own.
All the garments required tevilah.
And the daughters of Yerushalayim would go out and dance in the vineyards.
And what would they say?
"Young man, lift up your eyes and see what you would choose for yourself.
Do not set your eyes on beauty; set your eyes on family.
'Grace is deceitful and beauty is vain; a woman who fears Hashem — she shall be praised' (Mishlei 31)."
And it says: "Give her of the fruit of her hands, and let her own deeds praise her in the gates."
And so it says: "Go out and see, daughters of Zion, King Shlomo, in the crown wherewith his mother crowned him on the day of his wedding and on the day of the joy of his heart (Shir HaShirim 3:11)."
"On the day of his wedding" — this is Matan Torah. "And on the day of the joy of his heart" — this is the building of the Beis HaMikdash, may it be rebuilt speedily in our days. Amen.

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