Masechta Rosh Hashana
Rosh Chodesh · the new year · the Day of Judgment
Rosh Chodesh — the new moon
Rosh Hashanah — the start of the year
Yom HaDin — the day of judgment
Four new years
1 Nisan: the new year for kings — and for the festivals
PermissiveOn the first of Nisan —
The month names came back from Bavel
Dates run by the king's yearevery king's year turns on 1 Nisan
Pesach, Shavuos, Sukkos — in that ordera vowed korban is late once all three pass
1 Elul: the new year for the animal tithe
Tanna KammaThe first of Elul→ the flock's year is counted from here
One in ten, eaten in Yerushalayim
Rabbi Elazar and Rabbi ShimonThe first of Tishrei→ a month later, when nearly all are born
1 Tishrei: years, shemittah, yovel, planting, vegetables
PermissiveOn the first of Tishrei —
Counting from creation (Rabbi Zeira)
Orlah: three years · neta revai: the fourth
Shevat: the new year for the tree
Beis ShammaiThe first of Shevat→ on Rosh Chodesh
Beis HillelThe fifteenth→ on the fifteenth — Tu BiShvat
Rosh Hashana 1:1
The Four Roshei Shanah
אַרְבָּעָה רָאשֵׁי שָׁנִים
אַרְבָּעָה רָאשֵׁי שָׁנִים הֵם.
בְּאֶחָד בְּנִיסָן רֹאשׁ הַשָּׁנָה לַמְּלָכִים וְלָרְגָלִים.
בְּאֶחָד בֶּאֱלוּל רֹאשׁ הַשָּׁנָה לְמַעְשַׂר בְּהֵמָה.
רַבִּי אֶלְעָזָר וְרַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן אוֹמְרִים, בְּאֶחָד בְּתִשְׁרֵי.
בְּאֶחָד בְּתִשְׁרֵי רֹאשׁ הַשָּׁנָה לַשָּׁנִים וְלַשְּׁמִטִּין וְלַיּוֹבְלוֹת, לַנְּטִיעָה וְלַיְרָקוֹת.
בְּאֶחָד בִּשְׁבָט, רֹאשׁ הַשָּׁנָה לָאִילָן, כְּדִבְרֵי בֵית שַׁמַּאי.
בֵּית הִלֵּל אוֹמְרִים, בַּחֲמִשָּׁה עָשָׂר בּוֹ: