Taanis 4:8 — The Fifteenth of Av and Yom Kippur — the masechta's hopeful close

The Lived Mishnah·A Zeman Nakat Project
Tisha B'Av Series
Mishnah 3 of 41
אִם אֶשְׁכָּחֵךְ יְרוּשָׁלָיִם
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MoedSederסדרמוֹעֵד
TaanisMesechtaמסכתתענית
4Perekפרקד׳
8Mishnahמשנהח׳
נושא · Topicחֲמִשָּׁה עָשָׂר בְּאָב וְיוֹם הַכִּפּוּרִיםThe Fifteenth of Av and Yom Kippur — the masechta's hopeful close
This Mishnah is:a maasehwhat does that mean?
Mishnah תענית ד׳:ח׳ · Taanis 4:8
אָמַר רַבָּן שִׁמְעוֹן בֶּן גַּמְלִיאֵל, לֹא הָיוּ יָמִים טוֹבִים לְיִשְׂרָאֵל כַּחֲמִשָּׁה עָשָׂר בְּאָב וּכְיוֹם הַכִּפּוּרִים,
שֶׁבָּהֶן בְּנוֹת יְרוּשָׁלַיִם יוֹצְאוֹת בִּכְלֵי לָבָן שְׁאוּלִין, שֶׁלֹּא לְבַיֵּשׁ אֶת מִי שֶׁאֵין לוֹ.
כָּל הַכֵּלִים טְעוּנִין טְבִילָה.
וּבְנוֹת יְרוּשָׁלַיִם יוֹצְאוֹת וְחוֹלוֹת בַּכְּרָמִים.
וּמֶה הָיוּ אוֹמְרוֹת,
בָּחוּר, שָׂא נָא עֵינֶיךָ וּרְאֵה, מָה אַתָּה בוֹרֵר לָךְ.
אַל תִּתֵּן עֵינֶיךָ בַנּוֹי, תֵּן עֵינֶיךָ בַמִּשְׁפָּחָה.
שֶׁקֶר הַחֵן וְהֶבֶל הַיֹּפִי, אִשָּׁה יִרְאַת ה׳ הִיא תִתְהַלָּל (משלי לא).
וְאוֹמֵר, תְּנוּ לָהּ מִפְּרִי יָדֶיהָ, וִיהַלְלוּהָ בַשְּׁעָרִים מַעֲשֶׂיהָ.
וְכֵן הוּא אוֹמֵר, צְאֶינָה וּרְאֶינָה בְּנוֹת צִיּוֹן בַּמֶּלֶךְ שְׁלֹמֹה בָּעֲטָרָה שֶׁעִטְּרָה לּוֹ אִמּוֹ בְּיוֹם חֲתֻנָּתוֹ וּבְיוֹם שִׂמְחַת לִבּוֹ (שיר השירים ג).
בְּיוֹם חֲתֻנָּתוֹ, זֶה מַתַּן תּוֹרָה. וּבְיוֹם שִׂמְחַת לִבּוֹ, זֶה בִּנְיַן בֵּית הַמִּקְדָּשׁ, שֶׁיִּבָּנֶה בִמְהֵרָה בְיָמֵינוּ. אָמֵן.
Said Rabban Shimon ben Gamliel: there were no festive days for Israel like the fifteenth of Av and like Yom Kippur,
on which the daughters of Yerushalayim would go out in borrowed white garments, so as not to shame one who had none of her own.
All the garments required tevilah.
And the daughters of Yerushalayim would go out and dance in the vineyards.
And what would they say?
"Young man, lift up your eyes and see what you would choose for yourself.
Do not set your eyes on beauty; set your eyes on family.
'Grace is deceitful and beauty is vain; a woman who fears Hashem — she shall be praised' (Mishlei 31)."
And it says: "Give her of the fruit of her hands, and let her own deeds praise her in the gates."
And so it says: "Go out and see, daughters of Zion, King Shlomo, in the crown wherewith his mother crowned him on the day of his wedding and on the day of the joy of his heart (Shir HaShirim 3:11)."
"On the day of his wedding" — this is Matan Torah. "And on the day of the joy of his heart" — this is the building of the Beis HaMikdash, may it be rebuilt speedily in our days. Amen.
A reading aid, not an exact translation.

This English is a clause-by-clause rendering to help you follow the Hebrew. It is not word-for-word literal, and it is not a transcript of the recorded shiur — the audio carries explanation and context the translation deliberately leaves out.

case/objectpermissive rulingTannareasonpasuk/proof textgeneral rule
Structure
The Mishnah's Structure
בִּכְלֵי לָבָן שְׁאוּלִין every circle dances in the same borrowed white — שֶׁלֹּא לְבַיֵּשׁ אֶת מִי שֶׁאֵין לוֹ נוֹי look at beauty מִשְׁפָּחָה look at family יִרְאַת ה׳ look at what she does וּבְנוֹת יְרוּשָׁלַיִם יוֹצְאוֹת וְחוֹלוֹת בַּכְּרָמִים
Summary Chart
The Fifteenth of Av and Yom Kippur — the masechta's hopeful close
CaseRulingReason
Which were the two happiest days for Israel?Rabban Shimon ben Gamliel: The Fifteenth of Av and Yom Kippur — the daughters of Yerushalayim went out in borrowed white garmentsSo as not to shame those who had none
Did all the garments require tevilah?Yes — borrowed and owned alike
What did the daughters say?Three pitches — to beauty, to family, to maasim tovimMishlei 31:30
What does the closing derashah teach?‘His wedding day’ = Matan Torah; ‘the day of his heart's joy’ = the building of the Beis HaMikdashShir HaShirim 3:11
Transcript
A machine transcript of the recorded shiur.

This is the shiur as spoken, transcribed automatically and left unedited — the wording is Ephraim's, and occasional transcription errors remain. It follows the audio word by word.

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Mishnah Insights
An amalgam of commentaries, including original insights.

These insights draw on the commentaries to this Mishnah and on the recorded shiur. Those commentaries often rest on earlier sources — the Gemara, the Yerushalmi, the Rishonim, and one another — without always saying so; where they do, we generally cite the one we read. Every commentary consulted is kept, verbatim, with this card.

Tu B'Av and Yom Kippur: joy in white

A masechta of fasts that ends in joy

Rabban Shimon ben Gamliel closes Maseches Taanis — a tractate of fast days, from drought to the Churban fasts of Shiva Asar B'Tammuz and Tisha B'Av — by turning to the two most joyous days of the year, sealing it with a tefillah for the rebuilding. There is an editorial hand in that. Rebbi (Rabi Yehuda HaNasi), who arranged the Mishnah, had a documented lean toward softening Tisha B'Av: Megillah 5b records that he bathed publicly on Shiva Asar B'Tammuz and bikesh la'akor Tisha B'Av — in a year it fell on Shabbos and was deferred, he held ho'il v'nidcheh yidacheh, once pushed off let it lapse — and the Sages did not agree. Ending the masechta of fasts on the year's happiest days fits that same hand.

Why these two days are the happiest

The 15th of Av: the families' wood-offering drew to a close — the mishnah earlier in this perek (4:5) lists the 15th of Av as the last of the korban eitzim days, and each family's wood-day was a celebration; the shevatim were permitted to intermarry; and the deaths of the midbar generation ceased, the full moon of Av confirming the curse of the meraglim was lifted. (The Gemara, Taanis 30b–31a, gives further, distinct reasons — among them the day they stopped felling wood for the altar-pile, after which the sun weakens; Hoshea ben Elah lifting Yeravam's roadblocks against aliyah l'regel; the Beitar dead given burial.) Yom Kippur: the day Hashem forgives — the day the second luchos were given and the cheit ha'egel atoned. And it carries the Beis HaMikdash directly: the seven dedication days of the first Beis HaMikdash began on the 7th of Tishrei, so Yom Kippur fell within the dedication of the Mikdash itself (Moed Katan 9a) — the very day of the Mikdash's joy (Moed Katan 9a).

The bond with the Beis HaMikdash

What pairs the two best days is not romance but the people's bond with the Beis HaMikdash. The clue is in what the girls wore: white is the garment of joyful confidence before Heaven — the Yerushalmi (Rosh Hashanah 1:3) has Israel, unlike the nations, don white on the day of judgment, sure of a favorable verdict — and it is the color of the Mikdash, the Kohein Gadol's Yom Kippur linen, his safe emergence from the Kodesh HaKodashim itself a Yom Tov. The mishnah then seals the point from its own text: its closing derashah on Tze'ena u're'ena reads uveyom simchas libo — zeh binyan beis hamikdash, the day of His heart's joy as the building of the Beis HaMikdash. It crowns its two days of joy by naming the Mikdash itself as the deepest simchas lev, closing on sheyibaneh bimheirah b'yameinu.

The same leveling, in joy and in death

The mishnah notes that the white garments were borrowed — each woman wore clothes that were not her own, so a girl with nothing fine of her own would not stand out. The same concern shaped a takanah at the opposite pole of life. The Gemara (Moed Katan 27b; Kesubos 8b) recalls that burial had grown so costly that the expense weighed on a family harder than the loss itself, until Rabban Gamliel asked to be carried out in plain linen and the people followed him — so the poor would be buried no less honorably than the rich. Chazal leveled the dress at both ends of life, the day of greatest joy and the hour of death, so that dignity would never follow wealth.

Series Insights
Series context

Read with the mishnah just before it

The mishnah just before this one details the disciplines of the week in which Tisha B'Av falls. This closing mishnah answers it: six days after the ninth of Av comes Tu B'Av, and the masechta turns from the fast to the dancing in the vineyards. The series places them in sequence so the discipline of mourning is read toward the joy it points to.